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foreign) tongue

  • 1 tongue

    [taŋ] noun
    1) the fleshy organ inside the mouth, used in tasting, swallowing, speaking etc:

    The doctor looked at her tongue.

    لِسان
    2) the tongue of an animal used as food.
    وَجْبَة طَعام: لِسانات
    3) something with the same shape as a tongue:

    a tongue of flame.

    شَيْء على شَكْل لِسان
    4) a language:

    English is his mother-tongue / native tongue

    a foreign tongue.

    لُغَه

    Arabic-English dictionary > tongue

  • 2 Sprache

    f; -, -n
    1. allg., eines Volkes etc.: language, bes. lit. tongue; alte Sprachen ancient languages; eine Sprache beherrschen be able to speak a language; in deutscher Sprache in German; Publikationen etc. in deutscher Sprache German-language publications etc.; die Sprache der Musik / Kunst / Blumen fig. the language of music / art / flowers; die gleiche Sprache sprechen auch fig. speak the same language; eine andere Sprache sprechen fig. (Gegensätzliches bezeugen) tell a different story; eine deutliche Sprache sprechen fig., Sache: speak for itself ( oder themselves); das ist die Sprache, die sie verstehen this is the language they understand
    2. (Sprechfähigkeit) speech; (Ausdrucksweise) language, speech, way of speaking; bes. einer Gruppe:... talk; die Sprache verlieren durch Schock etc.: be unable to speak, lose one’s speech; hast du die Sprache verloren? have you lost your tongue?; (he)raus mit der Sprache! umg. (come on,) out with it!; endlich fand er die Sprache wieder he finally found his tongue again; mir blieb die Sprache weg I was speechless; zur Sprache bringen bring up, raise; zur Sprache kommen come up
    3. (Aussprache) articulation, diction; der Sprache nach kommt er aus Berlin judging by the way he speaks, he comes from Berlin; beherrschen I 3, herausrücken II, verschlagen1 4
    * * *
    die Sprache
    language; tongue; speech
    * * *
    Spra|che ['ʃpraːxə]
    f -, -n
    language; (= das Sprechen) speech; (= Sprechweise) speech, way of speaking; (= Fähigkeit, zu sprechen) power or faculty of speech

    eine/die Spráche sprechen — to (be able to) speak a language/the language or lingo (inf)

    die Spráche analysieren — to analyze language

    die Spráche der Musik — the language of music

    in französischer etc Spráche — in French etc

    die gleiche Spráche sprechen (lit, fig) — to speak the same language

    das spricht eine klare or deutliche Spráche (fig) — that speaks for itself, it's obvious what that means

    er spricht jetzt eine ganz andere Spráche (fig) — he's changed his tune now

    mit der Spráche herausrücken — to come out with it

    heraus mit der Spráche! (inf) — come on, out with it!

    zur Spráche kommen — to be mentioned or brought up, to come up

    etw zur Spráche bringen — to bring sth up, to mention sth

    die Spráche verlieren — to lose the power of speech

    hast du die Spráche verloren? — have you lost your tongue?, has the cat got your tongue? (inf)

    die Spráche wiederfinden — to be able to speak again

    es raubt or verschlägt einem die Spráche — it takes your breath away

    mir blieb die Spráche weg — I was speechless

    * * *
    die
    1) (human speech: the development of language in children.) language
    2) (the speech of a particular nation: She is very good at (learning) languages; Russian is a difficult language.) language
    3) ((the act of) saying words, or the ability to say words: Speech is one method of communication between people.) speech
    4) (the words said: His speech is full of colloquialisms.) speech
    5) (a language: English is his mother-tongue / native tongue; a foreign tongue.) tongue
    * * *
    Spra·che
    <-, -n>
    [ˈʃpra:xə]
    f
    lebende/tote \Sprache living/extinct language
    die neueren \Sprachen modern languages
    eine \Sprache sprechen to speak a language
    2. kein pl (Sprechweise) way of speaking
    3. kein pl (Ausdrucksweise) form of expression, language no pl
    4. kein pl (das Sprechen) speech no pl
    etw zur \Sprache bringen, die \Sprache auf etw akk bringen to bring sth up
    zur \Sprache kommen to come up
    5.
    ▶ jetzt [o auf einmal] eine ganz andere \Sprache sprechen to change one's tune
    ▶ jdm bleibt die \Sprache weg, jd verliert die \Sprache sb is speechless, the cat got sb's tongue
    ▶ die gleiche \Sprache sprechen to be on the same wavelength
    ▶ heraus mit der \Sprache! (fam) out with it!
    ▶ mit der \Sprache herausrücken [o herauskommen] to come out with it
    ▶ nicht mit der \Sprache herauswollen to not want to talk
    sie wollte nicht mit der \Sprache heraus she didn't want to talk
    ▶ eine klare [o deutliche] \Sprache sprechen to speak for itself
    ▶ jds \Sprache sprechen to speak sb's language
    ▶ jdm die \Sprache verschlagen to leave sb speechless
    ▶ die \Sprache wiederfinden to find one's tongue again
    * * *
    die; Sprache, Sprachen

    hast du die Sprache verloren? — (ugs.) haven't you got a tongue in your head?

    2) (Sprechweise) way of speaking; speech; (Stil) style

    die Sprache auf jemanden/etwas bringen — bring the conversation round to somebody/something

    etwas zur Sprache bringen — bring something up; raise something

    heraus mit der Sprache! — come on, out with it!

    * * *
    Sprache f; -, -n
    1. allg, eines Volkes etc: language, besonders liter tongue;
    alte Sprachen ancient languages;
    eine Sprache beherrschen be able to speak a language;
    in deutscher Sprache German-language publications etc;
    die Sprache der Musik/Kunst/Blumen fig the language of music/art/flowers;
    die gleiche Sprache sprechen auch fig speak the same language;
    eine andere Sprache sprechen fig (Gegensätzliches bezeugen) tell a different story;
    eine deutliche Sprache sprechen fig, Sache: speak for itself ( oder themselves);
    das ist die Sprache, die sie verstehen this is the language they understand
    2. (Sprechfähigkeit) speech; (Ausdrucksweise) language, speech, way of speaking; besonders einer Gruppe: … talk;
    die Sprache verlieren durch Schock etc: be unable to speak, lose one’s speech;
    hast du die Sprache verloren? have you lost your tongue?;
    (he)raus mit der Sprache! umg (come on,) out with it!;
    endlich fand er die Sprache wieder he finally found his tongue again;
    mir blieb die Sprache weg I was speechless;
    zur Sprache bringen bring up, raise;
    3. (Aussprache) articulation, diction;
    der Sprache nach kommt er aus Berlin judging by the way he speaks, he comes from Berlin; → beherrschen A 3, herausrücken B, verschlagen1 4
    * * *
    die; Sprache, Sprachen

    hast du die Sprache verloren? — (ugs.) haven't you got a tongue in your head?

    2) (Sprechweise) way of speaking; speech; (Stil) style

    die Sprache auf jemanden/etwas bringen — bring the conversation round to somebody/something

    etwas zur Sprache bringen — bring something up; raise something

    heraus mit der Sprache! — come on, out with it!

    * * *
    -n f.
    language n.
    speech n.
    (§ pl.: speeches)
    tongue (language) n. (Aussprache) m.
    diction n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Sprache

  • 3 לעוז

    לָעוֹזm. (לָעַז) speaking a foreign tongue, esp. Greek. Y.Meg.II, beg.73a היתה כתובה כהלכתה הל׳ יוצא בה בלעז if the Book of Esther was written according to law (in Hebrew), the Greek-speaking (reading from it) in Greek (translation) performs his duty.Pl. לְעוֹזוֹת. Mish. ib. II, 1 קירין אותה לל׳ בלעז והלוֹעֵזוכ׳ Y. ed. (Bab. a. Mish. ללֹועֲזוֹת) it is read to those speaking a foreign tongue in their tongue, but the foreigner that heard it in Hebrew Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. Tosef. ib. IV (III), 13 בית הכנסת של ל׳ (Var. לעזות) in a synagogue of foreigners; a. e.

    Jewish literature > לעוז

  • 4 לָעוֹז

    לָעוֹזm. (לָעַז) speaking a foreign tongue, esp. Greek. Y.Meg.II, beg.73a היתה כתובה כהלכתה הל׳ יוצא בה בלעז if the Book of Esther was written according to law (in Hebrew), the Greek-speaking (reading from it) in Greek (translation) performs his duty.Pl. לְעוֹזוֹת. Mish. ib. II, 1 קירין אותה לל׳ בלעז והלוֹעֵזוכ׳ Y. ed. (Bab. a. Mish. ללֹועֲזוֹת) it is read to those speaking a foreign tongue in their tongue, but the foreigner that heard it in Hebrew Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. Tosef. ib. IV (III), 13 בית הכנסת של ל׳ (Var. לעזות) in a synagogue of foreigners; a. e.

    Jewish literature > לָעוֹז

  • 5 βαρβαρόφωνον

    βαρβαρόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem acc sg
    βαρβαρόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: neut nom /voc /acc sg

    Morphologia Graeca > βαρβαρόφωνον

  • 6 ἑτερόγλωσσος

    ἑτερό-γλωσσος, [dialect] Att. [suff] ἑτέρο-ττος, ον,
    A of other (i.e. foreign) tongue, Plb.23.13.2, Str.8.1.2; ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν by men of foreign tongue, 1 Ep.Cor.14.21, cf. Onos.26.2, Aq.Is.33.19.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἑτερόγλωσσος

  • 7 לעז

    לַעַזm. (preced.) 1) foreign tongue, esp. Greek. Meg.18a בל׳ יוני the laʾaz (of Mish. II, 1) means Greek. Ib. שכתובה בל׳ יוני Ms. M. (ed. יונית) written in Greek (translation). Ib. בכל ל׳ in any foreign tongue. Y. ib. I, 71b bot.; Y.Sot.VIII, 21c top; Esth. R. to I, 22, v. זֶמֶר I; a. fr. 2) evil talk, disrepute.הוציא ל׳ על to spread evil talk against, to cast suspicion, discredit. Kidd.81a שלא תהא מוציא ל׳ על בניה that you may not (by punishing her for private meeting with a man, v. יִחוּד) cast suspicion on the legitimacy of her children. Snh.43b אל תוציא ל׳ עלוכ׳ do not discredit the decision by lots; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > לעז

  • 8 לַעַז

    לַעַזm. (preced.) 1) foreign tongue, esp. Greek. Meg.18a בל׳ יוני the laʾaz (of Mish. II, 1) means Greek. Ib. שכתובה בל׳ יוני Ms. M. (ed. יונית) written in Greek (translation). Ib. בכל ל׳ in any foreign tongue. Y. ib. I, 71b bot.; Y.Sot.VIII, 21c top; Esth. R. to I, 22, v. זֶמֶר I; a. fr. 2) evil talk, disrepute.הוציא ל׳ על to spread evil talk against, to cast suspicion, discredit. Kidd.81a שלא תהא מוציא ל׳ על בניה that you may not (by punishing her for private meeting with a man, v. יִחוּד) cast suspicion on the legitimacy of her children. Snh.43b אל תוציא ל׳ עלוכ׳ do not discredit the decision by lots; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > לַעַז

  • 9 βάρβαρος

    βάρβαρος, ον (onomatopoetic formation; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. [Dalman, Gram.2 183, 185]) gener. pert. to what is foreign (esp. from the perspective of one who knows Greek and is familiar w. Hellenic culture; the components ‘foreign in language’ and ‘foreign in culture’ are ordinarily linked) ‘non-Hellenic’
    ① w. focus on strangeness of language: pert. to using a language that is unintelligible to outsiders, foreign-speaking, of foreign tongue adj. or noun 1 Cor 14:11 (cp. Hdt. 2, 158; Aristoph., Av. 199 and its scholia [Ltzm. on 1 Cor 14:11]; Ovid, Tristia 5, 10, 37 barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli ‘I’m a barbarus here, because no one understands me’; Ps 113:1).
    ② w. focus on non-Hellenic association: pert. to not speaking Greek or participating in Gk. culture
    ⓐ adj. not Hellenic πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας κ. βαρβάρους Dg 5:4.
    ⓑ subst. a non-Hellene, foreigner (the Engl. loanw. ‘barbarian’ is freq. used in a derogatory sense and is therefore inappropriate for rendering [as NRSV, REB et al.] the Gk. term when it appears without the negative contexts of some texts composed after the Persian wars, e.g. Demosth. 26, 17) contrasted w. Hellenes (the Neo-Platonist Amelius [III A.D.] calls the writer of John’s gospel a β.: Eus., PE 11, 19, 1) Ἕλληνες κ. βάρβαροι Ro 1:14 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 404; Pla., Theaet. 175a; Chariton 6, 3, 7; SIG 360, 12 and 27; 867, 32; OGI 765, 16ff; IAndrosIsis p. 124, 31 ἐγὼ διαλέκτους Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις ἔταξα=125, 27 [but διετάξάμην]; Philo, Abr. 267; Jos., Ant. 4, 12; 8, 284 al.—The Romans refused to be classified as β.: Jüthner [s. Ἕλλην 1] p. 62; MPohlenz, Stoa II ’49, 139); cp. Col 3:11 (44th Ep. of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 354, 25]: there is no difference betw. people εἴτε βάρβαρος εἴτε καὶ Ἕλλην.—THermann, ThBl 9, 1930, 106f). Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone; indeed, Luke transforms the ‘foreigners’ into ‘Hellenes’ by noting their extraordinary hospitality παρεῖχον οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν; cp. Warnecke, Romfahrt 111–18).—AEichhorn, βάρβαρος quid significaverit, diss. Leipz. 1904; HWerner, Barbarus: NJklA 41, 1918, 389–408; RAC I 1173–76; JAC 10, ’67, 251–96. S. Ἕλλην 1.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βάρβαρος

  • 10 barbarus

    barbărus, a, um ( gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = barbaros [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio].
    I.
    Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hospes,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25:

    mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6:

    reges,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians:

    civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta,

    Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian:

    sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit,

    Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157:

    quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet,

    Lucr. 6, 37:

    quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30:

    barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti,

    Tac. G. 18:

    barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem,

    Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—
    B.
    Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.:

    Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator,

    Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.).
    1.
    (In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans):

    nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes),

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40:

    i, stultior es barbaro Poticio,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (ph) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,
    b.
    In the mouth of a Macedonian:

    cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque,

    Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,
    c.
    In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus:

    barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—
    2.
    Phrygian:

    tibia,

    Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.:

    sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—
    3.
    Persian, a Persian:

    solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3;

    and high officers of the king, barbari,

    id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.:

    Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere,

    Tac. A. 3, 33.—
    4.
    In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians):

    opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5:

    ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari,

    id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek.—
    II.
    Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character.
    A.
    In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished:

    qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

    ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 11, §

    24: nationes,

    Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27:

    Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus,

    Vell. 2, 108, 2.— Comp., of verses:

    non sunt illa suo barbariora loco,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—
    B.
    Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous:

    neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

    id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21:

    gens,

    id. Sull. 27, 76:

    homines,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

    homo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 57, §

    148: pirata,

    id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

    praedones,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48:

    tollite barbarum Morem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 2:

    Medea,

    id. Epod. 5, 61:

    domina,

    id. C. 3, 27, 66:

    libidines,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 7:

    ignis,

    Ov. M. 14, 574:

    populus,

    Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.—
    * Comp.:

    sacra barbariora,

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in use.—Hence, adv.: barbărē.
    A.
    Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit;

    Marcus vortit barbare,

    i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. —
    B.
    Transf.
    a.
    Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way:

    si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

    ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 9:

    tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus,

    id. 1, 6, 45.—
    b.
    Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly:

    dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula,

    Hor. C. 1, 13, 15:

    ferociter et barbare facere,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > barbarus

  • 11 βαρβαρισμός

    A use of a foreign tongue or of one's own tongue amiss, barbarism, Arist.Po. 1458a26, Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.214, Ph.1.124, Plu.2.731e;

    μιᾶς λέξεως κακία ὁ β., ἐπιπλοκῆς δὲ λέξεων ἀκαταλλήλων ὁ σολοικισμός A.D.Synt.198.7

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βαρβαρισμός

  • 12 पर _para

    पर a. [पॄ-भावे-अप्, कर्तरि अच्-वा] (Declined optional- ly like a pronoun in nom. voc. pl., and abl. and loc. sing. when it denotes relative position)
    1 Other, differ- ent, another; see पर m also.
    -2 Distant, removed, remote; अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः Bg.4.4.
    -3 Beyond, further, on the other side of; म्लेच्छदेशस्ततः परः Ms.2.23;7.158.
    -4 Subsequent, following, next to, future, after (usually with abl.); बाल्यात् परामिव दशां मदनो$ध्युवास R.5.63; Ku.1.31.
    -5 Higher, superior; सिकतात्वादपि परां प्रपेदे परमाणुताम् R.15.22; इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहु- रिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः । मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः ॥ Bg.3.42.
    -9 Highest, greatest, most distinguished, pre-eminent, chief, best, principal; क्षत्रात् परं नास्ति Bṛi. Up.1.4.11. न त्वया द्रष्टव्यानां परं दृष्टम् Ś.2; Ki.5.18; परतो$पि परः Ku.2.14 'higher than the highest'; 6.19; Ś7.27.
    -7 Having as a following letter or sound, followed by (in comp.).
    -8 Alien, estranged, stranger.
    -9 Hostile, inimical, adverse,
    -1 Exceeding, having a surplus or remainder, left over; as in परं शतम् 'exceeding or more than a hundred.
    -11 Final, last.
    -12 (At the end of comp.) Having anything as the highest ob- ject, absorbed or engrossed in, intent on, solely devoted to, wholly engaged or occupied in; परिचर्यापरः R.1.91; so ध्यानपर, शोकपर, दैवपर, चिन्तापर &c.
    -रः 1 Another person, a stranger, foreigner; oft. in pl. in this sense; यतः परेषां गुणग्रहीतासि Bv.1.9; Śi.2.74; see एक, अन्य also.
    -2 A foe, an enemy, adversary; उत्तिष्ठमानस्तु परो नोपेक्ष्यः पथ्यभिच्छता Śi.2.1; Pt.2.158; R.3.21.
    -3 The Almighty; तावदध्यासते लोकं परस्य परचिन्तकाः Bhāg.3.32.8.
    -रम् 1 The highest point or pitch, culminating point.
    -2 The Supreme Sprit; तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत् परम् Bg.5.16.
    -3 Final beatitude; असक्तो ह्याचरन् कर्म परमाप्नोति पूरुषः Bg.3.19.
    -4 The secondary meaning of a word.
    -5 (In logic) One of the two kinds of सामान्य or generality of notion; more extensive kind, (comprehending more objects); e. g. पृथ्वी is पर with respect to a घट).
    -6 The other or future world; परासक्ते च वस्तस्मिन् कथमासीन्मनस्तदा Mb.6.14.55. Note-- The acc., instr. and loc. singulars of पर are used adverbi- ally; e. g. (a) परम्
    1 beyond, over, out of (with abl.); वर्त्मनः परम् R.1.17.
    -2 after (with abl.); अस्मात् परम् Ś.6.24; R.1.66;3.39; Me.12; भाग्यायत्त- मतः परम् Ś.4.17; ततः परम् &c.
    -3 thereupon, there- after.
    -4 but, however.
    -5 otherwise.
    -6 in a high degree, excessively, very much, completely, quite; परं दुःखितो$स्मि &c.
    -7 most willingly.
    -8 only.
    -9 at the utmost. (b) परेण
    1 farther, beyond, more than; किं वा मृत्योः परेण विधास्यति Māl.2.2.
    -2 afterwards; मयि तु कृतनिधाने किं विदध्याः परेण Mv.2.49.
    -3 after (with abl.) स्तन्यत्यागात् परेण U.2.7. (c) परे
    1 afterwards, thereupon; अथ तेन दशाहतः परे R.8.73.
    -2 in future.
    -Comp. -अङ्गम् the hinder part of the body.
    -अङ्गदः an epithet of Śiva.
    -अणुः See परमाणु; Bhāg.1.14.11.
    -अदनः a horse found in the country of Persia or Arabia.
    -अधिकारचर्चा officiousness, meddlesomeness.
    -अधीन a. dependent on another, subject, subservient; अन्नमेषां पराधीनं देयं स्याद्भिन्नभाजने Ms.1.54,83; H.1.119.
    -अन्तः final death. (
    -ताः) m. (pl.) N. of a people.
    -अन्तकः an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 a frontier.
    -अन्तकालः the time of death; ते ब्रह्मलोकेषु परान्तकाले परामृताः परिमुच्यन्ति सर्वे Muṇḍ.3.2.6.
    -अन्न a. living or subsisting on another's food. (
    -न्नम्) the food of another; परगृहललिताः परान्नपुष्टाः Mk.4.28. ˚परिपुष्टता being fed with the food of others; Y.3.241. ˚भोजिन् a. subsisting on the food of others; रोगी चिरप्रवासी परान्नभोजी परावसथशायी । यज्जीवति तन्मरणं यन्मरणं सो$स्य विश्रामः ॥ H.1.12.
    1 far and near, remote and proximate.
    -2 prior and posterior.
    -3 before and beyond, earlier and later.
    -4 higher and lower, best and worst. (
    -रः) a Guru of an intermediate class. (
    -रम्) (in logic) a property intermediate between the greatest and smallest numbers, a species (as existing between the genus and individual); e. g. पृथ्वी which is पर with 1respect to a घट is अपर with respect to द्रव्य; द्रव्यत्वादिक- जातिस्तु परापरतयोच्यते Bhāṣā. P.8.
    -अभिध्यानम् self-conceit; high opinion for self or body (देहाभिमान); स्वयं पराभिध्यानेन विभ्रंशितस्मृतिः Bhāg.5.14.1.
    -अमृतम् rain.
    1 attached or devoted to, adhering to.
    -2 depending on, subject to.
    -3 intent on, solely devoted to or absorbed in (at the end of comp.); प्रभुर्धनपरायणः Bh.2.56; so मोह˚; अथ मोहपरायणा सती विवशा कामवधूर्विबोधिता Ku.4.1; अग्निहोत्र˚ &c.
    -4 connected with.
    -5 being a protector (त्राता); अबर्हाश्चरणैर्हीनाः पूर्वेषां वः परायणाः Mb.1.23.4.
    -6 leading or conducive to.
    -(णम्) 1 the principal or highest objest, chief aim, best or last resort; एतत् परायणम् Praśna Up.1.1; तपसश्च परायणम् Rām.1.21.1; Mb.12.179.12.
    -2 essence, sum.
    -3 Ved. going away, departure, exit.
    -4 firm devotion.
    -5 a universal medicine, panacea.
    -6 a religious order.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 having another aim or meaning.
    -2 intended or designed for another, done for another.
    (-र्थः) 1 the highest interest or advan- tage.
    -2 the interest of another (opp. स्वार्थ); स्वार्थो यस्य परार्थ एव स पुमानेकः सतामग्रणीः Subhāṣ.; R.1.29.
    -3 the chief or highest meaning.
    -4 the highest object (i.e. sexual intercourse).
    -5 the supreme good (मोक्ष); ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि कालेन परार्थमनुदृश्य च Mb.12.288.9.
    -6 Something else. Hence परार्थता or परार्थत्व means 'being subsidiary to something else; परार्थता हि गुणभावः ŚB. on MS.4.3.
    -7 an object which is meant for another's use (Sāṅ. Phil.); सङ्घातपरार्थत्वात् त्रिगुणादिविपर्ययादधिष्ठानात् Sāṅ. K.17. ˚वादिन् a. speaking for another; mediator, substitute.
    -अर्थिन् a. striving for the supreme good. (
    -र्थम् -र्थे) ind. for the sake of another.
    -अर्धम् 1 the other part (opp. पूर्वार्ध); the latter half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6.
    -2 a particular high number; i. e. 1,,,,,; एकत्वादिपरार्धपर्यन्ता संख्या T. S.
    -अर्धक a. One half of anything.
    -अर्ध्य a.
    1 being on the farther side or half.
    -2 most distant in number; हेमन्तो वसन्तात् परार्ध्यः Śat. Br.
    -3 most excellent, best, most exalted, highly esteemed, highest, supreme; R.3.27;8.27;1.64;16;39; आबद्धप्रचुरपरार्ध्यकिंकिणीकः Śi.8.45.
    -4 most costly; Śi.4.11; श्रियं परार्ध्यां विदधद् विधातृभिः Bu. Ch.1.1.
    -5 most beautiful or lovely, finest; R.6.4; परस्परस्पर्धिपरार्ध्यरूपाः पौरस्त्रियो यत्र विधाय वेधाः Śi.3.58.
    -6 Divine: असावाटीत् सङ्ख्ये परार्ध्यवत् Bk.9.64.
    (-र्ध्यम्) 1 a maximum.
    -2 an infinite number.
    1 far and near; परावराणां स्रष्टारं पुराणं परमव्ययम् Mb.1.1.23.
    -2 earlier and later.
    -3 prior and posterior or subsequent.
    -4 higher and lower.
    -5 traditional; पुनाति पङ्क्तिं वंश्यांश्च सप्त सप्त परावरान् Ms.1. 15.
    -6 all-including; परावरज्ञो$सि परावरस्त्वम् Mb.3.232. 18. (
    -रा) descendants.
    (-रम्) 1 cause and effect.
    -2 the whole extent of an idea.
    -3 the universe.
    -4 totality. ˚ज्ञ, ˚दृश् a. knowing both the past and the future; परावरज्ञो ब्रह्मर्षिः Mb.1.6.5.
    -अवसथ- शायिन् a. sleeping in another's house; H.1.12.
    -अहः the next day.
    -अह्णः the afternoon, the latter part of the day.
    -आगमः attack of an enemy.
    -आचित a. fostered or brought up by another. (
    -तः) a slave.
    -आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit.
    -आयत्त a.
    1 depend- ent on another, subject, subservient; परायत्तः प्रीतेः कथमिव रसं वेत्तु पुरुषः Mu.3.4.
    -2 Wholly subdued or over- whelmed by.
    -आयुस् m. an epithet of Brahman; नाहं परायुर्ऋषयो न मरीचिमुख्या जानन्ति यद्विरचितं खलु सत्त्वसर्गाः Bhāg.8.1.12.
    -आविद्धः 1 an epithet of Kubera.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -आश्रय a. dependent upon another.
    (-यः) 1 dependence upon another.
    -2 the retreat of enemies. (
    -या) a plant growing on another tree.
    -आसङ्गः dependence upon another.
    -आस्कन्दिन् m. a thief, robber.
    1 other than inimical; i. e. friendly, kind.
    -2 one's own; विधाय रक्षान् परितः परेतरान् Ki.1.14.
    -ईशः 1 an epithet of Brahman.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -इष्टिः N. of Brahman.
    -इष्टुका a cow which has often calved.
    -उत्कर्षः another's prosperity.
    -उद्वहः the Indian cuckoo.
    -उपकारः doing good to others, benevolence, beneficence, charity; परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम्.
    -उपकारिन् a. benevolent, kind to others.
    -उपजापः causing dissension among enemies; परोपजापात् संरक्षेत् प्रधानान् क्षुद्रकान् अपि Kau. A.1.13.
    -उपदेशः advising others; परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्.
    -उपरुद्ध a. besieged by an enemy.
    -उपसर्पणम् approaching another; begging.
    -ऊढा another's wife.
    -एधित a. fostered or brought up by another.
    (-तः) 1 a servant.
    -2 the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -कर्मन् n. service for another. ˚निरतः a servant.
    -कलत्रम् another's wife. ˚अभिगमनम् adultery; वरं क्लैब्यं पुसां न च परकलत्राभिगमनम् H.1.116.
    -कायप्रवेशनम् entering another's body (a supernatural art).
    -कारः The deeds of the enemy; राज्ञः समीपे परकारमाह प्रज्ञापनैषा विबि- धोपदिष्टा Kau. A.2.1.
    -कार्यम् another's business or work. ˚निरतः
    1 a benevolent man.
    -2 a slave, servant.
    -काल a. relating to a later time, mentioned later.
    -कृतिः an example or precedent, a passage descriptive of the doings of men; MS.6.7.26.
    -क्रमः doubling the second letter of a conjunction of consonants.
    -क्रान्तिः f. inclination of the ecliptic.
    -क्षेत्रम् 1 another's body.
    -2 another's field; ये$क्षेत्रिणो बीजवन्तः परक्षेत्रप्रवापिणः । ते वै सस्यस्य जातस्य न लभन्ते फलं क्वचित् ॥ Ms.9.49.
    -3 another's wife; तौ तु जातौ परक्षेत्रे Ms.3.175.
    -गामिन् a.
    1 being with another.
    -2 relating to another.
    -3 beneficial to another.
    -गुण a. beneficial to another. (
    -णः) the virtue of another; परगुणपरमाणून् पर्वतीकृत्य नित्यम् Bh.2.78.
    -ग्रन्थिः joint (as of a finger); an articu- lation.
    -ग्लानिः f. subjugation of an enemy; आत्मोदयः परग्लानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयती Śi.2.3.
    -चक्रम् 1 the army of an enemy.
    -2 invasion by an enemy, one of the six itis q. v.
    -3 a hostile prince.
    -छन्द a. dependent.
    (-दः) 1 the will of another.
    -2 dependence. ˚अनुवर्तनम् following the will of another.
    -छिद्रम् a weak or vulnerable point of another, a defect in another.
    -ज a.
    1 stranger.
    -2 coming from a foe.
    -3 inferior.
    -जनः a stranger (opp. स्वजन); शक्तः परजने दाता Ms.11.9.
    -जन्मन् n. a future birth.
    -जात a.
    1 born of another.
    -2 dependent on another for livelihood. (
    -तः) a servant.
    -जित a.
    1 conquered by another.
    -2 main- tained by another. (
    -तः) the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -तन्त्र a. dependent on another, dependent, subservient.
    -तन्त्रम् (a common group of) subsidiaries belonging to another; जैमिनेः परतन्त्रापत्तेः स्वतन्त्रप्रतिषेधः स्यात् MS.12.1.8. (see तन्त्रम्).
    -तर्ककः a suppliant, beggar; Dānasāgara, Bib- liotheca Indica, 274, Fascicule 1, p.15; also परतर्कुक.
    -तल्पगामिन् m. One who approaches another man's wife.
    -तार्थिकः The adherent of another sect.
    -दाराः m. (pl.) another's wife; ˚अभिगमनम्, ˚अभिमर्षः Adultery.
    -दारिन् m. an adulterer.
    -दुःखम् the sorrow or grief of another; विरलः परदुःखदुःखितो जनः; महदपि परदुःखं शीतलं सम्यगाहुः V.4.13.
    -देवता the Supreme Being.
    -देशः a hostile or foreign country.
    -देशिन् m. a foreigner.
    -द्रोहिन्, -द्वेषिन् a. hating others, hostile, inimical.
    -धनम् another's property.
    -धर्मः 1 the religion of another; स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः Bg.3.35.
    -2 another's duty or business.
    -3 the duties of another caste; परधर्मेण जीवन् हि सद्यः पतति जातितः Ms.1.97.
    -ध्यानम् absolute meditation or contemplation; ध्येये मनो निश्चलतां याति ध्येयं विचिन्तयत् । यत् तद् ध्यानं परं प्रोक्तं मुनिभिर्ध्यानचिन्तकैः ॥ Garuḍa P.
    -निपातः the irregular posteriority of a word in a compound; i. e. भूतपूर्वः where the sense is पूर्वं भूतः; so राजदन्तः, अग्न्याहितः &c.
    -निर्वाणम् the highest निर्वाण; (Buddh.).
    -पक्षः the side or party of an enemy.
    -पदम् 1 the highest position, eminence.
    -2 final beati- tude.
    -परिग्रह a. see पराधीन; स्ववीर्यविजये युक्ता नैते पर- परिग्रहाः Mb.7.144.22.
    -हः another's property (as wife &c); यथा बीजं न वप्तव्यं पुंसा परपरिग्रहे Ms.9.42-3.
    -परिभवः humiliation or injury suffered from others.
    -पाकनिवृत्त a. One who does not depend on others for his sustenance and performs the पञ्चयज्ञs faultlessly and takes food in his own house.
    -पाकरत a. one who depends upon others for his sustenance but performs the usual ceremonies before cooking; पञ्चयज्ञान् स्वयं कृत्वा परान्नमुपजीवति । सततं प्रातरुत्थाय परपाकरतस्तु सः ॥
    -पाकरुचिः having a liking for others' food; परपाकरुचिर्न स्यादनिन्द्या- मन्त्रणादृते Y.1.112.
    -पिण्डः another's food, food given by another. ˚अद् a., ˚भक्षक a. one who eats another's food or one who feeds at the cost of another; यादृशो$हं परपिण्डभक्षको भूतः Mk.8.25/26; (-m.) a servant. ˚रत a. feeding upon another's food; परपिण्डरता मनुष्याः Bh.
    -पुरञ्जयः a conqueror, hero.
    -पुरुषः 1 another man, a stranger.
    -2 the Supreme Spirit, Viṣṇu.
    -3 the hus- band of another woman.
    -पुष्ट a.
    1 fed or nourished by another.
    -2 Stranger. (
    -ष्टः) the (Indian) cuckoo. ˚महोत्सवः the mango tree.
    -पुष्टा 1 the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -2 a parasitical plant.
    -3 a harlot, prostitute.
    -पूर्वा a woman who has or had a former husband; Ms.3.166; पतिं हित्वा$पकृष्टं स्वमुत्कृष्टं या निषेवते । निन्द्यैव सा भवेल्लोके परपूर्वेति चोच्यते Ms.5.163.
    -प्रतिनप्तृ m. son of the great grand son.
    -प्रपौत्रः (see प्रतिनप्तृ).
    -प्रेष्यः a servant, menial, slave.
    -ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit; cf. लीने परे ब्रह्मणि Bh. परे ब्रह्मणि को$पि न लग्नः Śaṅkara (चर्पटपञ्जरिका 7).
    -भागः 1 another's share.
    -2 superior merit.
    -3 good fortune, prosperity.
    -4 (a) excellence, superority, supremacy; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत् पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33;5.34. (b) excess, abundance, height; स्थलकमलगञ्जनं मम हृदय- रञ्जनम् जनितरतिरङ्गपरभागम् Gīt.1; आभाति लब्धपरभागतया- धरोष्ठे R.5.7; Ku.7.17; Ki.5.3;8.42; Śi.7.33; 8.51;1.86;12.15.
    -5 the last part, remainder.
    -भाव a. loving another.
    -भावः the being second member in a compound.
    -भाषा a foreign tongue.
    -भुक्त a. enjoyed or used by another; परभुक्तां च कान्तां च यो भुङ्क्ते स नराधमः । स पच्यते कालसूत्रे यावच्चन्द्रदिवाकरौ ॥ Brav. P.
    -भूत a. following, subsequent (as words).
    -भृत् m. a crow (said to nourish the cuckoo).
    -भृत a. nourished by another.
    -भृतः, -ता the (Indian) cuckoo; (so called because she is nouri- shed by another i. e. by a crow); प्रागन्तरिक्षगमनात्- स्वमपत्यजातमन्यैर्द्विजैः परभृताः खलु पोषयन्ति Ś.5.22; Ku.6.2; R.9.43; Ś.4.1.
    -भतम् 1 another's opinion.
    -2 dif- ferent opinion or doctrine; heterodoxy.
    -मर्मज्ञ a. knowing the secrets of another.
    -मृत्युः a crow.
    -रमणः a married woman's gallant or paramour; स्वाधीने पररमणे धन्यास्तारुण्यफलभाजः Pt.1.18.
    -लोकः the next (or fur- ture) world; परलोकनवप्रवासिनः प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तव Ku. 4.1. ˚गमः, ˚यानम् death. ˚विधि funeral rites; परलोक- विधौ च माधव स्मरमुद्दिश्य (निबपेः सहकारमञ्जरीः) Ku.4.38.
    -वश, -वश्य a. subject to another, dependent, depen- dent on others; सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम्.
    -वाच्यम् a fault or a defect of another; प्रकटान्यपि नैपुणं महत् परवाच्यानि चिराय गोपितुम् Śi.16.3.
    -वाणिः 1 a judge.
    -2 a year.
    -3 N. of the peacock of Kārtikeya.
    -वादः 1 rumour, report.
    -2 Objection, controversy.
    -वादिन् m. a disputant, controversialist.
    -वेश्मन् n. the abode of the Supreme Being.
    -व्रतः an epithet of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.
    -शब्दः a word expressive of something else; परशब्दस्य परत्र वृत्तौ तद्वद् भावो गम्यते ŚB. on MS.7.2.1.
    -श्वस् ind. the day after tomorrow.
    -संगत a.
    1 asso- ciated with another.
    -2 fighting with another.
    -संज्ञकः the soul.
    -सवर्ण a. homogeneous with a following letter (in gram.).
    -सात् ind. into the hands of an- other. ˚कृता a woman given in marriage.
    -सेवा service of another.
    -स्त्री another's wife.
    -स्वम् another's pro- perty; व्यावृता यत् परस्वेभ्यः श्रुतौ तस्करता स्थिता R.1.27; Ms.7.123. ˚हरणम् seizing another's property.
    -हन् a. killing enemies.
    -हित a.
    1 benevolent.
    -2 profitable to another.
    -तम् the welfare of another; सन्तः स्वयं परहिताभिहिताभियोगाः Bh.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पर _para

  • 13 म्लेच्छित _mlēcchita

    म्लेच्छित p. p. Spoken indistinctly or barbarously.
    -तम् 1 A foreign tongue.
    -2 An ungrammatical word or speech.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > म्लेच्छित _mlēcchita

  • 14 αλλοφώνοις

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem /neut dat pl

    Morphologia Graeca > αλλοφώνοις

  • 15 ἀλλοφώνοις

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem /neut dat pl

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀλλοφώνοις

  • 16 αλλοφώνου

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem /neut gen sg

    Morphologia Graeca > αλλοφώνου

  • 17 ἀλλοφώνου

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem /neut gen sg

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀλλοφώνου

  • 18 αλλοφώνους

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem acc pl

    Morphologia Graeca > αλλοφώνους

  • 19 ἀλλοφώνους

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem acc pl

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀλλοφώνους

  • 20 αλλοφώνων

    ἀλλόφωνος
    speaking a foreign tongue: masc /fem /neut gen pl

    Morphologia Graeca > αλλοφώνων

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • foreign tongue — noun Any language not native to particular person or place …   Wiktionary

  • tongue — noun 1 soft part inside the mouth ADJECTIVE ▪ long ▪ forked ▪ loose, sharp (both figurative) ▪ Everyone knows now, thanks to Ken s loose tongue (= he could not keep the secret) …   Collocations dictionary

  • tongue — tongue1 [ tʌŋ ] noun ** ▸ 1 organ in mouth ▸ 2 language ▸ 3 way of speaking/writing ▸ 4 animal tongue as food ▸ 5 long narrow piece ▸ + PHRASES 1. ) count the long soft piece of flesh attached to the bottom of your mouth that you use for tasting …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • tongue — I UK [tʌŋ] / US noun Word forms tongue : singular tongue plural tongues ** 1) [countable] the long soft piece of flesh fixed to the bottom of your mouth that you use for tasting, speaking etc I burnt my tongue on the hot coffee. 2) [countable]… …   English dictionary

  • tongue — noun 1) a foreign tongue Syn: language, dialect, patois, vernacular, mother tongue, native tongue, heritage language, lingua franca; informal lingo 2) her sharp tongue Syn: way/manner of speaking, speech, cho …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • Foreign language — A foreign language is a language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e. an English speaker living in Japan can say that Japanese is a foreign language to him or her.… …   Wikipedia

  • Foreign body — For other uses of this term, see foreign body (disambiguation). Effects of foreign body entering through natural orifice Classification and external resources Endoscopy image of gastric foreign body (toothbrush) …   Wikipedia

  • tongue — {{11}}tongue (n.) O.E. tunge organ of speech, speech, language, from P.Gmc. *tungon (Cf. O.S., O.N. tunga, O.Fris. tunge, M.Du. tonghe, Du. tong, O.H.G. zunga, Ger. Zunge, Goth. tuggo), from PIE *dnghwa (Cf. L. lingua tongue, speech, language …   Etymology dictionary

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  • Foreign relations of the United Kingdom — The United Kingdom (UK) is a key player in international politics, with interests throughout the world. The former British Empire, notably through its successor, the Commonwealth of Nations, links the UK with many of the world s nations in one… …   Wikipedia

  • foreign — adj. 1 not coming from your own country VERBS ▪ be, look, sound ▪ The name sounded foreign. ADVERB ▪ slightly ▪ …   Collocations dictionary

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